Aramis D. M. ValverdeM.A. Bioethics Student, New York UniversityM.S. Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California Merced
Humankind has gone through multiple defining chapters in its evolution. The physically weak species which
initially survived through hunting and gathering, made its first great leap forward by growing crops and raising
livestock. This “Agricultural Revolution“ directly lead to the rise of human civilization and society. Through
multiple compounding changes Humankind underwent immense development and in the 18th century these changes
culminated in the “Industrial Revolution”. The 1st Industrial Revolution, where technological innovation
replaced tools with machines, takes the invention of the steam engine as its prime example. At this time,
infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels and ports were also built, greatly expanding the physical pathways
between places and goods. These changes led to the 2nd Industrial Revolution, which was defined by the advent
of electric power and is therefore also called the “Energy Revolution“. The use of electric energy and assembly
lines in production helped establish a system of mass production, and its development continued through to the
3rd Industrial Revolution, the ”Information Revolution“. Computerized information and automation have allowed
Humankind to create and manipulate objects without expending energy to physically instantiate those objects,
and gave humanity a separate realm to build and explore in. Finally, the 4th Industrial Revolution is unfolding
as the division between the material domains and informational domains disolves. The development of these
industries has made it easier for us to realize our goals and to commercialize our ideas. As the use of digital
production tools has expanded due to industrialization, it is possible to commercialize and develop our ideas
cheaply by using Arduino boards and 3D printers. The development of these technologies has led to the democratization
of production and the rise of the “Maker“. A “Maker” is a person who makes necessary objects by themselves. Makers
use their creativity to solve problems, create new things, or promote discoveries making things themselves or solving
problems with electronic devices or computers. In addition, through innovative creation, we can implement ideas and
share our results and experiences with others. As such, the Ulsan Youth Science Research Society intends to explore
the ability of PBL (Project Based Learning) education using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution and
structured educational activities to assist students in becoming ICT (Information and Communication Technology)
convergence makers through the implementation of the core areas and technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution,
namely by executing projects using block code and Arduinos.
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. A diode is a semiconductor device that guides current flow in one direction, and a light-emitting diode refers to a diode that emits bright light by converting electrical energy into light energy. Like other diodes, LEDs have polarity. The current flows from the + pole to the - pole, so it must be connected in the right direction to emit light. LEDs consist of two electrode terminals. The long leg is called an anode and the short leg is called a cathode. Connect the (+) electrode to the long leg, and the (-) electrode to the short leg to turn on the LED. LEDs, which are representative output devices, are also digital semiconductor devices, so they can be adjusted to various brightnesses and colors, and they are highly efficient and have a long lifespan. Another advantage of being a semiconductor device is its small size. LEDs are smaller than a grain of rice and consume only 1/5 of the power of conventional incandescent lamps, saving energy and money as well as space. Currently, the semi-permanent life span of 10,000 to 50,000 hours is up to 15 times longer than an incandescent lamp’s life span, so it has the advantage that it can be used for more than 30 years, assuming that you use them 10 hours per day year-round. In terms of cost, electricity rates are up to about 87% compared to conventional lighting. Because of these advantages, LEDs are widely utilized, and are used in everything from mobile phones to lighting fixtures.